Del Vecho explained how the film's animation team was organized: "On this movie we do have character leads, supervising animators on specific characters. The animators themselves may work on multiple characters but it's always under one lead. I think it was different on Tangled, for example, but we chose to do it this way as we wanted one person to fully understand and develop their own character and then be able to impart that to the crew. Hyrum Osmond, the supervising animator on Olaf, is quiet but he has a funny, wacky personality so we knew he'd bring a lot of comedy to it; Anna's animator, Becky Bresee, it's her first time leading a character and we wanted her to lead Anna."[34][51][82] Acting coach Warner Loughlin was brought in to help the film's animators understand the characters they were creating.[78] In order to get the general feeling of each scene, some animators did their own acting. "I actually film myself acting the scene out, which I find very helpful," said animation supervisor Rebecca Wilson Bresee. This helped her discover elements that made the scene feel real and believable.[83] Elsa's supervising animator was Wayne Unten, who asked for that role because he was fascinated by the complexity of the character.[84] Unten carefully developed Elsa's facial expressions in order to bring out her fear as contrasted against Anna's fearlessness.[84] He also studied videos from Menzel's recording sessions and animated Elsa's breathing to match Menzel's breathing.[78] Head of Animation, Lino DiSalvo, said, "The goal for the film was to animate the most believable CG characters you've ever seen."[85]
During production, the film's English title was changed from The Snow Queen to Frozen, a decision that drew comparisons to another Disney film, Tangled. Peter Del Vecho explained that "the title Frozen came up independently of the title Tangled. It's because, to us, it represents the movie. Frozen plays on the level of ice and snow but also the frozen relationship, the frozen heart that has to be thawed. We don't think of comparisons between Tangled and Frozen, though." He also mentioned that the film will still retain its original title, The Snow Queen, in some countries: "because that just resonated stronger in some countries than Frozen. Maybe there's a richness to The Snow Queen in the country's heritage and they just wanted to emphasize that."[34]
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Since 2013, some local TV stations and independent studios have been dubbing the movie in their local languages, creating some unofficial dubs. Namely: Albanian,[134] Arabic (TV dub), Karachay-Balkar,[135] Persian[136] and Tagalog.[137]
Frozen became Fandango's top advance ticket seller among original animated films, ahead of previous record-holder Brave,[199] and became the top-selling animated film in the company's history in late January 2014.[158] The sing-along version of the film later topped the best-selling list of the movie ticketing service again for three days.[158] Frozen opened on Friday, November 22, 2013, exclusively at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood for a five-day limited release and earned $342,839 before its wide opening on Wednesday, November 27, 2013.[200] During the three-day weekend it earned $243,390, scoring the seventh-largest per-theater average.[201] On the opening day of its wide release, the film earned $15.2 million,[202] including $1.2 million from Tuesday late-night shows,[203] and set a record for the highest pre-Thanksgiving Wednesday opening, ahead of Tangled ($11.9 million).[204] It was also the second-largest pre-Thanksgiving Wednesday among all films, behind Catching Fire ($20.8 million). The film finished in second place over the traditional three-day weekend (Friday-to-Sunday) with $67.4 million, setting an opening weekend record among Walt Disney Animation Studios films.[205] It also scored the second-largest opening weekend among films that did not debut at #1.[206][207] Female audiences accounted for 57% of Frozen's total audiences on the first weekend, while family audiences held a proportion of 81%.[207][208] Among films that opened during Thanksgiving, it set new records; three-day ($67.4 million from Friday to Sunday)[209] and five-day ($93.6 million from Wednesday to Sunday).[210] It also achieved the second-largest three-day[211] and five-day[212] Thanksgiving gross among all films, behind Catching Fire.[213]
Frozen opened to positive reviews,[267] with several critics comparing it favorably to the films of the Disney Renaissance, particularly The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and The Lion King.[23][268][269][270] Some journalists felt that the film's success marked a second Disney Renaissance.[271][272] The film was praised for its visuals, themes, musical numbers, screenplay, and vocal performances, especially those of Bell, Menzel, and Gad.[273] The "Let It Go" musical sequence was also particularly praised by critics.[274][275][276] Frozen has an approval rating of 90% based on 250 professional reviews on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 7.7/10. Its critical consensus reads: "Beautifully animated, smartly written, and stocked with singalong songs, Frozen adds another worthy entry to the Disney canon."[277] Metacritic, which determines a rating out of 100 from the reviews of mainstream critics, calculated a score of 74 based on 43 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[278] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade on an A+ to F scale.[279] Surveys conducted by Fandango among 1,000 ticket buyers revealed that 75% of purchasers had seen the film at least once, and 52% had seen it twice. It was also pointed out that 55% of audiences identified "Let It Go" as their favorite song, while "Do You Want to Build a Snowman?" and "For the First Time in Forever" held proportions of 21% and 9%, respectively.[158] Frozen was named the seventh-best film of 2013 by Richard Corliss of Time[280] and Kyle Smith of the New York Post.[281]
On June 23, 2012, Idina Menzel, a Broadway veteran, was cast as Elsa. Menzel had formerly auditioned for Tangled, but didn't get the part. However, Tangled's casting director Jamie Sparer Robert preserved a recording of Menzel's performance on her iPhone, and on the basis of that, asked her to audition along with Bell for Frozen.[61] Before they were officially cast, Menzel and Bell deeply impressed the directors at an early table read; after reading the entire script out loud, they sang "Wind Beneath My Wings" together as a duet, since no music had been composed yet.[14][49][61] Bell had suggested that idea when she visited Menzel at her California home to prepare together for the table read.[61][62] The songwriters were also present for the table read; Anderson-Lopez said "Lasseter was in heaven" upon hearing Menzel and Bell sing in harmony, and from that moment forward, he insisted, "Kristen Bell and Idina Menzel have to be in the movie!"[44] Lee later said, "They sung it like sisters and what you mean to me[,] [a]nd there wasn't a dry eye in the house after they sang."[48] Between December 2012 and June 2013, the casting of additional roles was announced, including Jonathan Groff as Kristoff,[16] Alan Tudyk as the Duke of Weselton, Santino Fontana as Prince Hans, and Josh Gad as Olaf.[18]
By November 2012, the production team thought they had finally "cracked" the puzzle of how to make the film's story work,[32] but according to Del Vecho, in late February 2013, it became clear that the film still "wasn't working", which necessitated further rewriting of scenes and songs from February through June 2013.[56][65][66] He explained, "we rewrote songs, we took out characters and changed everything, and suddenly the movie gelled. But that was close. In hindsight, piece of cake, but during, it was a big struggle."[56] Looking back, Anderson-Lopez joked she and Lopez thought at the time they could end up working as "birthday party clown[s]" if the final product "pull[ed] ... down" their careers[44] and recalled that "we were really writing up until the last minute."[67] In June (five months before the already-announced release date), the songwriters finally got the film working when they composed the song "For the First Time in Forever", which, in Lopez's words, "became the linchpin of the whole movie."[44]
Del Vecho explained how the film's animation team was organized: "On this movie we do have character leads, supervising animators on specific characters. The animators themselves may work on multiple characters but it's always under one lead. I think it was different on Tangled, for example, but we chose to do it this way as we wanted one person to fully understand and develop their own character and then be able to impart that to the crew. Hyrum Osmond, the animator on Olaf, is quiet but he has a funny, wacky personality so we knew he'd bring a lot of comedy to it; Anna's animator, Becky Bresee, it's her first time leading a character and we wanted her to lead Anna."[34][49][77] Acting coach Warner Loughlin was brought in to help the film's animators understand the characters they were creating.[73] In order to get the general feeling of each scene, some animators did their own acting. "I actually film myself acting the scene out, which I find very helpful," said animation supervisor Rebecca Wilson Bresee. This helped her discover elements that made the scene feel real and believable.[78] Elsa's supervising animator was Wayne Unten, who asked for that role because he was fascinated by the complexity of the character.[79] Unten carefully developed Elsa's facial expressions in order to bring out her fear as contrasted against Anna's fearlessness.[79] He also studied video from Menzel's recording sessions and animated Elsa's breathing to match Menzel's breathing.[73]
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